Definition of business administration
Business management is an administrative method or behavior that contributes to the application of control and supervision of the business of an enterprise,and business management is defined as the management applied within all areas of business, and aims to bring together many people in order to Effectively reach the desired goals. Another definition of business management is the administration that is concerned with determining the goals and objectives of the business and seeks to achieve them, and the task of business administration is the application of leadership, organization, control, and planning.
business management characteristics
Business management is characterized by a set of characteristics:
It is one of the natural functions in human societies; Because it is associated with the achievement of collective and individual goals.
It is a public activity; Where it is found within all human activities, and it is applied with all types of business of large or small enterprises, and management principles are used in all production, financing and marketing activities.
Business management is an art and a science.
Business Administration Jobs
Business administration is concerned with the application of a set of functions that represent the activities required of managers to implement them in order to contribute to achieving the organizational goals of the enterprise. In general, business management functions consist of five basic functions:
Planning: It is the process used to determine the activities that will be achieved later. Planning is the first administrative function; Because of the dependence of other management functions on it, planning includes determining the vision of the facility in the future, setting short and long-term goals, formulating growth strategies, following up on costs, studying operational plans, and other components.
Organizing : It is one of the administrative functions, and it aims to identify the tasks that must be implemented, and is also concerned with classifying activities and dividing them into small jobs, and then determining the relationship between responsibility and authority when making administrative decisions, and the organization is keen to implement plans with the least amount of money. possible costs; By using appropriate methods.
Recruitment: It is one of the administrative functions that are concerned with following up the workforce; With the aim of hiring them, training them, selecting them, promoting them, determining their wages, and other matters related to employment.
Direction In order to achieve the goals that help to reach the interests of the facility, and guidance also depends on strengthening the communication between the manager and the employees; With the aim of issuing instructions and obtaining feedback that helps in supervising the work.
Control : It is the administrative function that depends on setting appropriate standards to measure ongoing performance and actual performance. With the aim of finding differences between them to take appropriate measures to correct them; This contributes to achieving the desired goals.
management levels
A number of administrative levels are applied in various establishments, and they are divided into three types:
Top management: It is the management that contains the managers who have the authority to control the organization, and these managers must work long working hours; In order to formulate strategies, implement tasks, and complex functions, they are also keen to represent the organization in conferences and meetings, and often the top management consists of the executive director, the board of directors, the director of operations, the director of finance, and the director responsible for the strategies of the top management.
Middle management: It is the administration that contains the managers who have the responsibility to implement the main policies and strategies that the upper management worked on formulating. The middle management is also concerned with supervising the managers at the lower level, setting operational and tactical plans, controlling quality, following up on inventory, and minor issues within the organization. And often the middle management consists of both the factory manager, and the heads of departments, departments and projects.
Lower management: It is the administration that constitutes both office managers, supervisors, assistant director, and chief employees (workers), and most of the managers in middle and upper departments were in the past within this administrative level. As for the tasks of lower management managers, they include executing work in most times, motivating employees, contributing to solving daily problems, and answering various questions.
Administrative schools
Many schools of thought have been interested in studying administrative thought, and the various fields of management in general. The following is information about the most important of these schools:
The School of Scientific Management: It is one of the first schools of management, and it is also known as the scientific management movement, and it was given various names such as the management of the required work, the management of workshops, and the Taylor system after the scientist and administrative thinker Frederick Taylor, and this school is defined as a set of laws and principles that lead to the achievement of The demands of the employer, employees, and consumers, and also it is a kind of art because of its dealings with human elements that cannot be completely applied to control, or the nature of their behavior can be accurately predicted.
The School of Human Relations: It is an administrative school that expresses a specific direction that depends on the treatment of administrative issues based on maturity and the perspective of the mind. Social groups that appeared spontaneously in the work, and have their own standards and values.
Behavioral school: It is a type of administrative school, also known as the modern theory, and its thinkers were interested in factors that the traditional school was not interested in more than in determining the forms and directions that can be taken and applied.
The School of Decision Making: It is an administrative school that was founded by the thinker Herbert Simon; Where he was interested in analyzing and studying the decision-making of managers; With the aim of following up on the elements of building the production chain, and distributing tasks among the contributors to its industry, good management requires making the right decisions, and this depends on the presence of a person interested in administrative organization, and possesses a set of appropriate tools to process the information he possesses.